1. Atom: is the smallest part of an element that can
take part in a chemical change.
2. Ion: is an atom or radical carrying an
electrical charge. (A cation is positively changed, an anion is negatively
charged.)
3. Proton: is the electrically positive unit of the
atom.
4. Electron: is the electrically negative unit of the
atom. (It’s mass is 1/1840 of a proton.)
5. Neutron: is the electrically neutral unit of the
atom, equal in mass to the proton.
6. Molecule: is the smallest particle of an element or
compound that can exist by itself. (It never breaks up except to chemically
react)
7. Electronic
configuration: is the
arrangement of electrons in the orbits of an atom.
8. Nucleus: in the center of the atom is a heavy,
positively-charged body that consists of all the protons and neutrons of the
atom.
9. Atomic
weight: is the sum of the
protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom of an element.
10. Relative
atomic weight: is the atomic
weight of an element as compared to an atom of hydrogen (1), or as compared to
an atom of carbon (12).
11. Atomic
number: of an element is the
number of protons in its nucleus.
12. Isotopes: are atoms of the same element, having the
same atomic number but different atomic weights.
13. Electrovalency: of an atom or radical; it it is the number
of electrons which it transfers or gains in chemical reactions.
14. Covalent, or molecular
compound: the compound formed by sharing electron pairs between their
atoms.
15. Electrovalent, or ionic
compound: the compound formed by the electrostatic attraction due to
oppositely charged ions. Ions are formed by the transfer of electrons from one
atom to another.
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